Search results for "Body Temperature Regulation"
showing 10 items of 28 documents
Thermosensory mapping of skin wetness sensitivity across the body of young males and females at rest and following maximal incremental running
2019
Key points: Humans lack skin receptors for wetness (i.e. hygroreceptors), yet we present a remarkable wetness sensitivity. Afferent inputs from skin cold-sensitive thermoreceptors are key for sensing wetness; yet, it is unknown whether males and females differ in their wetness sensitivity across their body and whether high intensity exercise modulates this sensitivity. We mapped sensitivity to cold, neutral and warm wetness across five body regions and show that females are more sensitive to skin wetness than males, and that this difference is greater for cold than warm wetness sensitivity. We also show that a single bout of maximal exercise reduced the sensitivity to skin wetness (i.e. hyg…
Inhibition of neuropeptide degradation suppresses sweating but increases the area of the axon reflex flare.
2013
The neuropeptides CGRP (calcitonin gene-elated peptide) and substance P (SP) mediate neurogenic inflammation. Both are degraded by the neutral endopeptidase (NEP) which can be blocked by phosphoramidon. The aim was to evaluate the effect of NEP inhibition on sweating and vasodilatation. Dermal microdialysis was performed on the skin of 39 subjects. Two fibres were perfused with phosphoramidon (0.01%, 0.02% or 0.2%), two with saline. Acetylcholine (ACh) was either added to the microdialysis perfusate (n = 30, 10(-2) m) or thermoregulatory sweating was induced (n = 9). Co-application of phosphoramidon reduced cholinergic and thermoregulatory sweating. However, the flare size - a localized in…
Postprandial thermogenesis and alimentary sensory stimulation in human subjects
1999
OBJECTIVE: To study the role of alimentary sensory stimulation on the thermic effect of food. SUBJECTS: Nine male healthy volunteers (age: 20-34y, body mass index (BMI): 17.4-25.3 kg/m 2 ). DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: Four experimental situations were investigated on different days. Subjects: 1) ate a four course meal containing 2582kJ (meal), 2) saw, smelt and tasted the same courses (alimentary sensory stimulation), 3) saw, smelt and tasted non-alimentary substances (non-alimentary sensory stimulation), 4) received directly into the stomach the previous meal (tube feeding). Energy expenditure (EE) was measured over a 20 min rest period, then for 110 min. RESULTS: The changes over midday rest…
Paradoxical heat sensation in patients with multiple sclerosis
1996
Temperature thresholds were determined in 16 patients with probable or definite multiple sclerosis, in six patients with possible but unconfirmed multiple sclerosis and in 34 healthy subjects, using the method of limits and the thermal sensory limen (TSL) of the MarStock technique. A significant proportion of the patients had thresholds outside the 2.5 SD range for normal subjects, both for warmth detection threshold and TSL. In addition, 10 patients with probable or definite multiple sclerosis and one patient with possible multiple sclerosis reported a paradoxical heat sensation, i.e. a sensation of warmth elicited by a cold stimulus. This illusion was almost exclusively observed with the …
Effects of graduated compression stockings on skin temperature after running.
2015
High skin temperatures reduce the thermal gradient between the core and the skin and they can lead to a reduction in performance and increased risk of injury. Graduated compression stockings have become popular among runners in the last years and their use may influence the athlete's thermoregulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of graduated compression stockings on skin temperature during running in a moderate indoor environment. Forty-four runners performed two running tests lasting 30min (10min of warm-up and 20min at 75% of their maximal aerobic speed) with and without graduated compressive stockings. Skin temperature was measured in 12 regions of interest on th…
Stress and thermoregulation: different sympathetic responses and different effects on experimental pain.
2009
Stress and thermoregulation both activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) but might differently affect pain. Studies investigating possible interactions in patients are problematic because of the high prevalence of SNS disturbances in patients. We therefore analyzed the influence of these different sympathetic challenges on experimentally-induced pain in healthy subjects. SNS was activated in two different ways: by mental stress (Stroop task, mental arithmetic task), and by thermoregulatory stimulation using a water-perfused thermal suit (7 degrees C, 32 degrees C, or 50 degrees C). Attentional effects of the mental stress tasks were controlled by using easy control tasks. Both, stress…
Hormonal and psychological factors linked to the increased thermic effect of food in malnourished fasting anorexia nervosa
2007
In patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), weight gain is lower than that expected from the energy content of the meals. Thus we investigated the thermic effect of food (TEF) in relation to subjective feelings and plasma hormone levels in a group of AN patients.TEF, feelings (14 items), and plasma release of beta-endorphin, ACTH, cortisol, dopamine, and catecholamines were evaluated in 15 AN patients (body mass index, 13.6 +/- 1.2 kg.m(-2)) and in 15 healthy women after three gastric loads (0, 300, 700 kcal) infused by a nasogastric tube in a blind design.In AN, the blind loads induced an energy-dependent increase in TEF (P0.001), which was higher than that observed in healthy women (P0.001). …
Relationship between skin temperature and muscle activation during incremental cycle exercise.
2015
While different studies showed that better fitness level adds to the efficiency of the thermoregulatory system, the relationship between muscular effort and skin temperature is still unknown. Therefore, the present study assessed the relationship between neuromuscular activation and skin temperature during cycle exercise. Ten physically active participants performed an incremental workload cycling test to exhaustion while neuromuscular activations were recorded (via surface electromyography - EMG) from rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius medialis. Thermographic images were recorded before, immediately after and 10 min after finishing the cycling test, at four …
Seasonal changes in some thermoregulatory variables of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus L.)
1975
Abstract 1. The body weight, plumage, insulation, oxygen consumption and body lipids were studied seasonally in the house sparrow, Passer domesticus L. 2. The weights of body and plumage were greater in autumn and winter than in summer. 3. The insulative property of the plumage was better in autumn and winter birds than in summer birds. 4. The oxygen consumption of young birds was higher than that of plucked and adult birds. 5. The amount of subcutaneous depot fat tissue and its lipid content was greatest in autumn. The C18-unsaturated fatty acids were most prominent in the subcutaneous fat. Palmitic acid was the most prevalent fatty acid in the liver. The relative amount of C18-unsaturated…
The effects of cold and glucagon on lipolysis, glycogenolysis and oxygen consumption in young chicks.
1973
Abstract 1. 1. To study the possible role of glucagon in avian thermoregulation the effects of cold exposure and glucagon on lipolysis, glycogenolysis and oxygen consumption were measured in young chicks. 2. 2. Cold exposure (+10°C) and glucagon injection (0·3 mg/kg, i.p. at +30°C) both caused a marked increase in the plasma FFA and a decrease in the liver glycogen content. 3. 3. It is suggested that glucagon possibly acts in the avian thermoregulation by producing at least lipolysis and glycogenolysis during cold exposure.